Pranayama (Kumbhaka) : Hatha Yoga Pradipika

"Pranayama" according to Hatha Yoga Pradipika

Pranayama described in Hatha Yoga Pradipika has been called Kumbhaka, Swami Swatmarama ji while describing Pranayama has said -

Suryabhedanmujjayi Sitkari Sheetali tatha.

Bhastrika Bhramari Moorchchha Plavnityashtakumbhaka. (H.P- 2/44)

सूर्यभेदनमुज्जयी सीतकारी शीतली तथा।

भस्त्रिका भ्रामरी मूर्च्छ प्लव्नित्याष्टकुंभका। (हठ योग प्रदीपिका - 2/44)

That is, there are eight types of Kumbhak (Pranayama)- Suryabhedan, Ujjayi, Sitkari, Sheetali, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Murcha and Plavini. Their description is as follows-

1. Suryabhedi Pranayama -

Describing Suryabhedan or Suryabhedi Pranayama in Hatha Yoga Pradipika, it has been said that - Spreading a suitable seat in a holy and flat place, sit on it comfortably in any posture like Padmasan, Swastikasan etc. and keep the spine, neck and head straight. Then slowly supplement with the right nostril i.e. Pingala Nadi. Do Abhyantar Kumbhak. At the time of Kumbhak, keep Moolabandha and Jalandharbandha on. After as much as possible Kumbhak, straighten the neck by opening the Jalandhar bandha and do rechak slowly through the left nostril i.e. Ida Nadi. Yogis have named this as Suryabhedan or Suryabhedi Pranayama. (H.P. 2/48-49)

Benefits of Suryabhedi Pranayama

Describing the benefits of Suryabhedi Pranayama, it has been said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- Suryabhedan Pranayama purifies the head, defeats eighty types of vata doshas and destroys disorders arising in the abdomen. That's why this perfect Suryabhedi Pranayama should be done again and again. (H.P.2/50)

2. Ujjayi Pranayama-

Describing Ujjayi Pranayama, it has been said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- While contracting the throat, supplement with both Ida and Pingala nadis. In this, the air gradually goes inside making words from the throat to the heart. After that do kumbhaka, after kumbhaka do rechak with ida nadi i.e. left voice. This is called Ujjayi Pranayama. (H.P. 2/51-52)

Benefits of Ujjayi Pranayama

Describing the benefits of Ujjayi Pranayama, Swami Swatmaram ji has said that the practice of this pranayama The defects of the laryngeal mucosa are destroyed and it illuminates the gastric fire. And said is that- This pranayama destroys all the defects of the pulses and metals in the body. This Kumbhak named Ujjayi can be done even while sitting or walking. (H.P. 2/53)

3. Sitkari Pranayama-

Describing Sitkari Pranayama, it has been said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- Bring the teeth together and attach the tongue to them. Breathe (Poorak) in with the sound of C-C-C (sitkaar) from the middle of the teeth by opening the lips. After that do Abhyantar Kumbhak. After Kumbhak, do rechak through both the nostrils. Swami Swatmaram ji says that the yogi who practices this becomes like Cupid. (H P-2/54)

Benefits of Sitkari Pranayama

Describing the benefits of Sitkari Pranayama, it is further said that- Yogi conquers hunger, thirst, sleep and laziness. That means the defects of his body and mind go away. Its practice increases the strength of the body. Its practitioner Yogi becomes free from the troubles of Indralok and the entire land circle. (H P - 2/55-56)

4. Shitali Pranayama-

While describing Shitali Pranayama, Yogi Swatmaram says in Hatha Pradipika that- Taking out the tongue from the lips and making it round like a bird's beak, slowly supplement it from the middle of the tongue. Then tie Moola Bandha and JalandharBandha in the inner Kumbhak. After as much as possible Kumbhak, open the Jalandhar Bandha and exhale slowly through both the nostrils. This is called Sheetali Pranayama. (H.P. 2/57)

Benefits of Shitali Pranayama

Explaining the benefits of Shitali Pranayama, it is said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- The practice of this pranayama destroys diseases like golem, spleen, fever, bile, thirst and snake poison etc. The body of its doer naturally remains cool. (H P 2/58)

5. Bhrastrika Pranayama-

While describing Bhrastrika Pranayama, it has been said that- Keeping the neck and abdomen straight in siting Padmasan, close the mouth and rechak (exhale) through the nostrils.

This exhale should be done while sound in such a way that it touches the heart, throat and skull. Then do purak (inhale) with speed up to the heart, and in the same way do rechak (exhale) with speed, and then do poorak in the same way. With the method of blacksmith's bellows, keep doing purak rechak repeatedly. Do this supplemental laxative until the body starts experiencing discomfort.

After this supplement with Surya Nadi and soon fill the abdomen with air. After that do Abhyantar Kumbhak. Apply Moolabandha and Jalandharbandha in Kumbhak. After Kumbhak, do laxative with Ida i.e. Chandra Nadi. This Bhastrika Pranayama destroys all the three Vata, Pitta and Mucus and increases the gastric fire. (H P. - 2/59-65)

Benefits of Bhastrika Pranayama

The Hatha Yoga Pradipika further states the benefits of Bhastrika Pranayama is that- The sleeping Kundalini Shakti awakens by the practice of this Pranayama. This pranayama is the giver of happiness, it destroys all the three defects in the body, hence it is beneficial. The one who destroys the mucus etc. defects located on the mouth of the Brahmanadi that leads to salvation means the one who purifies the Brahmanadi. The Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra glands which are in the middle of the Sushumna nadi, are specially penetrated by Pranayama. That is why it is especially worth doing. (H P- 2 /66-67)

6. Bhramari Pranayama-

Describing Bhramari Pranayama, it is said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- Forcefully from both the nostrils, do the complement while generating a sound similar to Bhramar from the throat. After that do Abhyantar Kumbhak. Apply Mulbandha and Jalandhar Bandha in Kumbhak. After Kumbhaka as much as possible, do rechak at a slow speed through both the nostrils while uttering words similar to Bhramari. Yogis have called this as Bhramari Kumbhak. (H.P. 2/ 68)

Benefits of Bhramari Pranayama

Describing the benefits of Bhramari Pranayama, Yogi Swatmaram says that Yogis get special joy by practicing this Pranayama.

7. Moorchha Pranayama-

Describing Moorchha Pranayama, it is said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- After completion of purak, the breath should be gradually exhaled by applying Jalandhar Bandha with utmost determination. By doing this repeatedly, one starts feeling unconsciousness. That is why it is called fainting pranayama.

Benefits of Moorchha Pranayama

Describing the benefits of Moorchha Pranayama, Yogi Swatmaram ji says that this Pranayama makes the mind unconscious, due to which special happiness is attained. (H.P. 2/ 69)

8. Plavini Pranayama-

Describing Plavini Pranayama, it is said in Hatha Yoga Pradipika that- Performing Kumbhak by filling maximum air in the abdomen with the help of supplement, this is called Plavini Pranayama.

Benefits of Plavini Pranayama

Describing the benefits of Plavini Pranayama, Yogi Swatmaram ji says that- by this pranayama the body of the seeker becomes such that it floats like a lotus leaf without any effort in the water. (H.P. 2/ 70)

Nadi Shodhana Pranayama

Apart from these eight pranayams, Swami Swatmaram ji has also mentioned Nadi Shodhan Pranayam in Hatha Yoga Pradipika. It has been said to do Nadi Shodhana Pranayama four times a day (morning, afternoon, evening, night). The method of doing Nadi Shodhan Pranayam is like Alom-Vilom Pranayam.

Meaning and Definitions of Pranayama

Bandhas and Mudras (YOGA)

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